Rayleigh-Bénard Convection

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Temperature Δ (Rayleigh) 0.012

Gravity (Buoyancy) 0.0012

Viscosity 0.020

Thermal Diffusivity 0.025

Layer Height 100

Initializing...

Hot bottom (red), cold top (blue): Buoyant hot fluid rises in narrow plumes, while cold fluid descends in broader sheets. The Smagorinsky LES model captures turbulent eddies. Increase ΔT to trigger stronger convection.